Biomechanics

Rigid fixation of the lumbar spine alters the motion and mechanical stability at the adjacent segment level.

Karakaşlı A, Ceçen B, Erduran M, Taylan O, Hapa O, Havıtcıoğlu H. Eklem Hastalik Cerrahisi. 2014

No association between posture and musculoskeletal complaints in a professional bassist sample.

Woldendorp KH, Boonstra AM, Tijsma A, Arendzen JH, Reneman MF. Eur J Pain. 2016 Ma

Characterization of the L4-L5-S1 motion segment using the stepwise reduction method.

Jaramillo HE, Puttlitz CM, McGilvray K, García JJ. J Biomech. 2016 Mar 4

A description of spinal fatigue strength.

Huber G, Nagel K, Skrzypiec DM, Klein A, Püschel K, Morlock MM. J Biomech. 2016 Apr 11

Supporting the upper body with the hand on the thigh reduces back loading during lifting.

Kingma I, Faber GS, van Dieën JH. J Biomech. 2016 Apr 11

Fundamental biomechanics of the spine-What we have learned in the past 25 years and future directions.

Oxland TR. J Biomech. 2016 Apr

The Study of Cobb Angular Velocity in Cervical Spine during Dynamic Extension-Flexion.

Ren D, Hu Z, Yuan W. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2016 Apr

Anticipatory kinematics and muscle activity preceding transitions from level-ground walking to stair ascent and descent.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26830440

Spinal curves and health: a systematic critical review of the epidemiological literature dealing with associations between sagittal spinal curves and health.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19028253

Influence of age and posture on spinal and corticospinal excitability.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26055449

Are forward bending of the trunk and low back pain associated among Danish blue-collar workers? A cross-sectional field study based on objective measures.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25374330

Cervical spine alignment in the pediatric population: a radiographic normative study of 150 asymptomatic patients.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24395005

The effect of unstable loading versus unstable support conditions on spine rotational stiffness and spine stability during repetitive lifting

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24287401

Cumulative mechanical low-back load at work is a determinant of low-back pain.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24676271

Dynamic stability of the trunk during unstable sitting in people with low back pain.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24583732

Associations between cervical and scapular posture and the spatial distribution of trapezius muscle activity

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24875461

Impact of spinal alignment and back muscle strength on shoulder range of motion in middle-aged and elderly people in a prospective cohort study.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24578093

A comparative analysis of sagittal spinopelvic alignment between young and old men without localized disc degeneration.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24610236

Increased range of motion after static stretching is not due to changes in muscle and tendon structures

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24856792

Kinematics and muscle activity of the head, lumbar and knee joints during 180° turning and sitting down task in older adults

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24239023

Proportional lumbar spine inter-vertebral motion patterns: a comparison of patients with chronic, non-specific low back pain and healthy controls.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24676852

Effect of changing lumbar stiffness by single facet joint dysfunction on the responsiveness of lumbar muscle spindles to vertebral movement

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4025086/?tool=pmcentrez

Effect of cervical kyphotic deformity type on the motion characteristics and dynamic spinal cord compression.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24718067

Body posture and backpack loading: an upright magnetic resonance imaging study of the adult lumbar spine.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24619606

Normal values for cervical range of motion.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24573069

Sacrum pubic incidence and sacrum pubic posterior angle: two morphologic radiological parameters in assessing pelvic sagittal alignment in human adults.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24752624

Active cervical and lumbar range of motion during performance of activities of daily living in healthy young adults.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23823575

Effect of high-heeled shoes on the parameters of body posture.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23759819

Effects of proprioceptive disruption on lumbar spine repositioning error in a trunk forward bending task.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23948825

Biomechanics of the spine. Part I: spinal stability.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23088879

Biomechanics of the spine. Part II: spinal instability.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23088878

A New Pre-employment Functional Capacity Evaluation Predicts Longer-Term Risk of Musculoskeletal Injury in Healthy Workers

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4047309

Lumbar facet joint and intervertebral disc loading during simulated pelvic obliquity.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23706384

Investigation of coupled bending of the lumbar spine during dynamic axial rotation of the body

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3843802

Lengthening But Not Shortening History of Paraspinal Muscle Spindles in the Low Back Alters Their Dynamic Sensitivity

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3023376/?tool=pmcentrez

Relationships between joint motion and facet joint capsule strain during cat and human lumbar spinal motions

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3164964/?tool=pmcentrez

The fall of the postural-structural-biomechanical model in manual and physical therapies: exemplified by lower back pain.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21419349

Lumbar facet joint motion in patients with degenerative disc disease at affected and adjacent levels: an in vivo biomechanical study.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3740386

The influence of lower cervical joint pain on range of motion and interpretation of the flexion–rotation test

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3109686/?tool=pmcentrez

Low-back loading in lifting two loads beside the body compared to lifting one load in front of the body.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19084840

The Effect of Body Position and Axial Load on Spinal Canal Morphology

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18165750

Intervertebral disc degeneration reduces vertebral motion responses.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17762796

Coupling behavior of the thoracic spine: a systematic review of the literature.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17574958

Anterior thoracic posture increases thoracolumbar disc loading

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3476747/?tool=pmcentrez

Biomechanics of musculoskeletal pain: dynamics of the neuromatrix

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14759756

Influence of ligament stiffness on the mechanical behavior of a functional spinal unit.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15165881

Biomechanics of the cervical spine. I: Normal kinematics

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10946096

Effect of low back posture on the morphology of the spinal canal.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10855470

Anatomic changes of the spinal canal and intervertebral foramen associated with flexion-extension movement.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8923625

Neck Treatment

Dose-response of spinal manipulation for cervicogenic headache: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

Hanson L, Haas M, Bronfort G, Vavrek D, Schulz C, Leininger B, Evans R, Takaki L, Neradilek M. Chiropr Man Therap. 2016 Jun

Manual and Instrument Applied Cervical Manipulation for Mechanical Neck Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Gorrell LM, Beath K, Engel RM. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2016 Jun

Variations in Patterns of Utilization and Charges for the Care of Neck Pain in North Carolina, 2000 to 2009: A Statewide Claims’ Data Analysis.

Hurwitz EL, Li D, Guillen J, Schneider MJ, Stevans JM, Phillips RB, Phelan SP, Lewis EA, Armstrong RC, Vassilaki M. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2016 May 16

Treatment preferences amongst physical therapists and chiropractors for the management of neck pain: results of an international survey

http://www.chiromt.com/content/22/1/11

Evidence-based guidelines for the chiropractic treatment of adults with neck pain.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24262386

Is one better than another?: A randomized clinical trial of manual therapy for patients with chronic neck pain.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24467843

Short-term effects of spinal thrust joint manipulation in patients with chronic neck pain: a randomized clinical trial.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23129812

Spinal manipulations for tension-type headaches: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22579436

Foraminal stenosis with radiculopathy from a cervical disc herniation in a 33-year-old man treated with flexion distraction decompression manipulation.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18558279

The effectiveness of manual physical therapy and exercise for mechanical neck pain: a randomized clinical trial.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18923311

Treatment of neck pain: noninvasive interventions: results of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000-2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18204386

Predictors for the immediate responders to cervical manipulation in patients with neck pain.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16380287

Cervical radiculopathy treated with chiropractic flexion distraction manipulation: A retrospective study in a private practice setting.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14673412

Treatment of cervical radiculopathy with flexion distraction

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11313617

The immediate effect of manipulation versus mobilization on pain and range of motion in the cervical spine: a randomized controlled trial.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1469341

The construct validity of the Short Form-36 Health Survey for patients with nonspecific chronic neck pain.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25521576

Is neck pain associated with worse health-related quality of life 6 months later? A population-based cohort study.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25499207

Conservative management of mechanical neck disorders: a systematic review.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17295434

Chiropractic clinical practice guideline: evidence-based treatment of adult neck pain not due to whiplash

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1839918/?tool=pmcentrez

DISC Treatment and Rehab

Recurrence of Pain After Usual Nonoperative Care for Symptomatic Lumbar Disk Herniation: Analysis of Data From the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial.

Suri P, Pearson AM, Scherer EA, Zhao W, Lurie JD, Morgan TS, Weinstein JN. PM R. 2016 May

Can specific loading through exercise impart healing or regeneration of the intervertebral disc?

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26409630

Lumbar disc herniation and cauda equina syndrome following spinal manipulative therapy: a review of six court decisions in Canada.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24485443

Short-Term Effect of Spinal Manipulation on Pain Perception, Spinal Mobility, and Full Height Recovery in Male Subjects With Degenerative Disk Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial

http://www.archives-pmr.org/article/S0003-9993%2814%2900367-0/fulltext

Physical fitness as a predictor of herniated lumbar disc disease – a 33-year follow-up in the Copenhagen male study

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3599998/?tool=pmcentrez

An evidence-based clinical guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of lumbar disc herniation with radiculopathy.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24239490

Outcomes From Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Confirmed Symptomatic Cervical Disk Herniation Patients Treated With High-Velocity, Low-Amplitude Spinal Manipulative Therapy: A Prospective Cohort Study With 3-Month Follow-Up

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23948425

A phased rehabilitation protocol for athletes with lumbar intervertebral disc herniation.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3812831/?tool=pmcentrez

Conservative management of lumbar disc herniation with associated radiculopathy: a systematic review

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0030834

Manipulation or microdiskectomy for sciatica? A prospective randomized clinical study.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21036279

Chiropractic and rehabilitative management of a patient with progressive lumbar disk injury, spondylolisthesis, and spondyloptosis.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16396733

Safety of spinal manipulation in the treatment of lumbar disk herniations: a systematic review and risk assessment.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15129202

Chronic spinal pain: a randomized clinical trial comparing medication, acupuncture, and spinal manipulation.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12865832

The role of repeated end-range/pain response assessment in the management of symptomatic lumbar discs.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14589229

Management of acute lumbar disk herniation initially presenting as mechanical low back pain.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10367760

Spinal Facet Joints

Spinal neuronal plasticity is evident within 1 day after a painful cervical facet joint injury

Crosby, ND et al. Neurosci Lett. 2013 May.

Is There any Correlation Between Pathological Profile of Facet Joints and Clinical Feature in Patients With Thoracolumbar Kyphosis Secondary to Ankylosing Spondylitis?: An Immunohistochemical Investigation.

Qian BP, Ji ML, Qiu Y, Pan T, Wang B, Mao SH, Jiang J, Shi W, Luo YF. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2016 May 16

The relationship between degree of facet tropism and amount of dynamic disc bulge in lumbar spine of patients symptomatic for low back pain.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3036031

Relationships between joint motion and facet joint capsule strain during cat and human lumbar spinal motions.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3164964

Relationship of facet tropism with degeneration and stability of functional spinal unit.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2768235

Human lumbar facet joint capsule strains: I. During physiological motions.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15016391

HEADACHE

Variations in Patterns of Utilization and Charges for the Care of Headache in North Carolina, 2000-2009: A Statewide Claims’ Data Analysis.

Hurwitz EL, Vassilaki M, Li D, Schneider MJ, Stevans JM, Phillips RB, Phelan SP, Lewis EA, Armstrong RC. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2016 May 16

The Heterogeneity Of Headache Patients Who Self-Medicate: A Cluster Analysis Approach.

Mehuys E, Paemeleire K, Crombez G, Adriaens E, Van Hees T, Demarche S, Christiaens T, Van Bortel L, Van Tongelen I, Remon JP, Boussery K. Pain. 2016 Mar 9

Chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy for migraine: a study protocol of a single-blinded placebo-controlled randomised clinical trial

http://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/5/11/e008095.long

Muscles and their role in episodic tension-type headache: implications for treatment.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26147739

Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for the Treatment of Chronic Intractable Headaches: Long-term Efficacy and Safety Study.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26431126

Manual therapies for primary chronic headaches: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4194455/?tool=pmcentrez

Migraine attack treatment : a tailor-made suit, not one size fits all.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24605940

The relationship between sleep and headache in children: implications for treatment.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24973419

Neuromodulation for intractable headaches.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24488653

Manual Treatment for cervicogenic headache and active trigger point in the SCM muscle: A pilot RCT

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23845200

Self-reported efficacy of complementary and alternative medicine: the Akershus study of chronic headache

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3637304/?tool=pmcentrez

Manual therapies for cervicogenic headache: a systematic review

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3381059/?tool=pmcentrez

Evidence-Based Guidelines for the Chiropractic Treatment of Adults With Headache

http://www.jmptonline.org/article/S0161-4754%2811%2900068-6/fulltext

Manual therapies for migraine: a systematic review

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3072494/?tool=pmcentrez

Spinal manipulations for the treatment of migraine: a systematic review of randomized clinical trials.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21511952

Dose-Response and Efficacy of Spinal Manipulation for Chronic Cervicogenic Headache: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2819630/?tool=pmcentrez

A randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial of chiropractic and medical prophylactic treatment of adults with tension-type headache: results from a stopped trial.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19539116

Methodological quality of randomized controlled trials of spinal manipulation and mobilization in tension-type headache, migraine, and cervicogenic headache.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16596892

Efficacy of physiotherapy including a craniocervical training programme for tension-type headache; a randomized clinical trial.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16886935

A randomized controlled trial of exercise and manipulative therapy for cervicogenic headache.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12221344

Efficacy of spinal manipulation for chronic headache: a systematic review.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11562654

A randomized controlled trial of chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy for migraine.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10714533

Systematic review of randomized clinical trials of complementary/alternative therapies in the treatment of tension-type and cervicogenic headache.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10581824

The efficacy of spinal manipulation, amitriptyline and the combination of both therapies for the prophylaxis of migraine headache.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9798179

A controlled trial of cervical manipulation of migraine.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/373735

KNEE

Risk of Secondary Injury in Younger Athletes After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Wiggins AJ, Grandhi RK, Schneider DK, Stanfield D, Webster KE, Myer GD. Am J Sports Med. 2016 Jan 15

Manual and manipulative therapy in addition to rehabilitation for osteoarthritis of the knee: assessor-blind randomized pilot trial.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25455832

The ‘Best Practice Guide to Conservative Management of Patellofemoral Pain’: incorporating level 1 evidence with expert clinical reasoning

http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/49/14/923.full

Non-surgical management of knee osteoarthritis: where are we now and where do we need to go?

http://rmdopen.bmj.com/content/1/1/e000027.full

Therapeutic effects of whole-body vibration training in knee osteoarthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25827655

Biomechanical measures of knee joint mobilization

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3143014/?tool=pmcentrez

Longitudinal Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine among Older Adults with Radiographic Knee Osteoarthritis

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3880574

LUMBAR

Xia T, Long CR, Gudavalli MR, Wilder DG, Vining RD, Rowell RM, Reed WR, DeVocht JW, Goertz CM, Owens EF Jr, Meeker WC. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2016 Jun

Paracetamol for low back pain.

Saragiotto BT, Machado GC, Ferreira ML, Pinheiro MB, Abdel Shaheed C, Maher CG. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Jun

Implementation interventions to improve the management of non-specific low back pain: a systematic review.

Mesner SA, Foster NE, French SD. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2016 Jun

Effect of Butler’s neural tissue mobilization and Mulligan’s bent leg raise on pain and straight leg raise in patients of low back ache.

Tambekar N, Sabnis S, Phadke A, Bedekar N. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2016 Apr

Recurrence of Pain After Usual Nonoperative Care for Symptomatic Lumbar Disk Herniation: Analysis of Data From the Spine Patient Outcomes Research Trial.

Suri P, Pearson AM, Scherer EA, Zhao W, Lurie JD, Morgan TS, Weinstein JN. PM R. 2016 May

Investigating the Primary Care Management of Low Back Pain: A Simulated Patient Study.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26456675

“Lovely Pie in the Sky Plans”: A Qualitative Study of Clinicians’ Perspectives on Guidelines for Managing Low Back Pain in Primary Care in England.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26571064

Do participants with low back pain who respond to spinal manipulative therapy differ biomechanically from nonresponders, untreated controls or asymptomatic controls?

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26020851

Clinical Practice Guideline: Chiropractic Care for Low Back Pain

http://www.jmptonline.org/article/S0161-4754%2815%2900184-0/fulltext

Patterns of health care utilization for low back pain

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4540213/?tool=pmcentrez

The Effects of Vibration and Muscle Fatigue on Trunk Sensorimotor Control in Low Back Pain Patients

http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0135838

Persistence of pain in patients with chronic low back pain reported via weekly automated text messages over one year

http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2474/16/299

Surgery versus nonsurgical treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis: a randomized trial.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25844995

Comparison of surgical treatment with direct repair versus conservative treatment in young patients with spondylolysis: a prospective, comparative, clinical trial.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25687414

Does adherence to treatment mediate the relationship between patients’ treatment outcome expectancies and the outcomes of pain intensity and recovery from acute low back pain?

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25906348

Spinal Manipulative Therapy for Chronic Lower Back Pain in Older Veterans: A Prospective, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26246937

Impaired neural drive in patients with low back pain.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24895331

Expectation of recovery from low back pain: a longitudinal cohort study investigating patient characteristics related to expectations and the association between expectations and 3-month outcome.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24108283

RACGP: Approach to low back pain –Chiropractic

http://www.racgp.org.au/afp/2014/januaryfebruary/chiropractic

Management of patients with low back pain: a survey of French chiropractors

http://www.chiromt.com/content/22/1/13

Comparative clinical effectiveness of management strategies for sciatica: systematic review and network meta-analyses.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24412033

Dose-response and efficacy of spinal manipulation for care of chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3989479

Do changes in transversus abdominis and lumbar multifidus during conservative treatment explain changes in clinical outcomes related to non-specific low back pain? A systematic review.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24184573

Adding chiropractic manipulative therapy to standard medical care for patients with acute low back pain: results of a pragmatic randomized comparative effectiveness study.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23060056

Can we predict response to the McKenzie method in patients with acute low back pain? A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3389098/?tool=pmcentrez

Association between changes in abdominal and lumbar multifidus muscle thickness and clinical improvement after spinal manipulation.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21471653

Does maintained spinal manipulation therapy for chronic nonspecific low back pain result in better long-term outcome?

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21245790

Comparison of stratified primary care management for low back pain with current best practice (STarT Back): a randomised controlled trial

http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736%2811%2960937-9/fulltext

Overtreating Chronic Back Pain: Time to Back Off?

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2729142/?tool=pmcentrez

Integrative care for the management of low back pain: use of a clinical care pathway

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2984498/?tool=pmcentrez

The effectiveness of the McKenzie method in addition to first-line care for acute low back pain: a randomized controlled trial

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2842230/?tool=pmcentrez

The Nordic maintenance care program – case management of chiropractic patients with low back pain: A survey of Swedish chiropractors

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2442107/?tool=pmcentrez

Chiropractic management of low back pain and low back-related leg complaints: a literature synthesis.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19028250

Flexion mobilizations with movement techniques: the immediate effects on range of movement and pain in subjects with low back pain.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17416271

Results of chiropractic treatment of lumbopelvic fixation in 44 patients admitted to an orthopedic department.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17320735

The Nordic back pain subpopulation program: the long-term outcome pattern in patients with low back pain treated by chiropractors in Sweden.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16182020

Chiropractic management of a patient with lumbar spinal stenosis.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11353943

Chiropractic rehabilitation of a patient with S1 radiculopathy associated with a large lumbar disk herniation

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10029949

Seeking care for low back pain in the general population: a two-year follow-up study: results from the MUSIC-Norrtälje Study.

Vingård E, Mortimer M, Wiktorin C, Pernold R P T G, Fredriksson K, Németh G, Alfredsson L; Musculoskeletal Intervention Center-Norrtälje Study Group. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2002 Oct

Scoliosis

The paravertebral muscle and psoas for the maintenance of global spinal alignment in patient with degenerative lumbar scoliosis.

Yagi M, Hosogane N, Watanabe K, Asazuma T, Matsumoto M; Keio Spine Research Group. Spine J. 2016 Apr

The Impact of Small Spinal Curves in Adolescents Who Have Not Presented to Secondary Care: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Clark EM, Tobias JH, Fairbank J. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2016 May 16

The Natural History of Scoliosis in Females With Rett Syndrome.

Downs J, Torode I, Wong K, Ellaway C, Elliott EJ, Christodoulou J, Jacoby P, Thomson MR, Izatt MT, Askin GN, McPhee BI, Bridge C, Cundy P, Leonard H. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2016 May 16

Quantifying Progressive Anterior Overgrowth in the Thoracic Vertebrae of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Patients: A Sequential Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study.

Newell N, Grant CA, Keenan BE, Izatt MT, Pearcy MJ, Adam CJ. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2016 Apr

The efficacy of three-dimensional Schroth exercises in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a randomised controlled clinical trial.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25780260

Results of chiropractic scoliosis rehabilitation treatment at two years post-skeletal maturity in identical female twins.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26592215

School Scoliosis Screenings: Family Experiences and Potential Anxiety After Orthopaedic Referral.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26165212

Radiological Features of Scoliosis in Chiari I Malformation Without Syringomyelia.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26679889

Clinical Relevance of the SRS-Schwab Classification for Degenerative Lumbar Scoliosis.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26571177

Idiopathic scoliosis and the vestibular system.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25430569

Bracing and exercise-based treatment for idiopathic scoliosis

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1360859215001102

Brace treatment is effective in idiopathic scoliosis over 45°: an observational prospective cohort controlled study.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24295798

Outcomes of bracing in juvenile idiopathic scoliosis until skeletal maturity or surgery.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25341972

Patient-specific spinal stiffness in AIS: a preoperative and noninvasive method.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25326848

Three-Dimensional Spinal Morphology Can Differentiate Between Progressive and Nonprogressive Patients With Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis at the Initial Presentation

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4047302

Differences in early sagittal plane alignment between thoracic and lumbar adolescent idiopathic scoliosis

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1529943013016562

Characteristics of the pelvic axial rotation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: a comparison between major thoracic curve and major thoracolumbar/lumbar curve.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24231783

Adult Idiopathic scoliosis: The tethered spine

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24411157

To screen or not to screen for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis? A review of the literature.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26296849

PREGNANCY

Sick leave and healthcare utilisation in women reporting pregnancy related low back pain and/or pelvic girdle pain at 14 months postpartum

http://chiromt.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12998-016-0088-9

Interventions for preventing and treating low-back and pelvic pain during pregnancy.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26422811

Exercise during pregnancy. A narrative review asking: what do we know?

http://bjsm.bmj.com/content/49/21/1377.full

Relationship between complementary and alternative medicine use and incidence of adverse birth outcomes: An examination of a nationally representative sample of 1835 Australian women.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24742636

Outcomes of pregnant patients with low back pain undergoing chiropractic treatment: a prospective cohort study with short term, medium term and 1 year follow-up

http://chiromt.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2045-709X-22-15

Pelvic girdle pain after childbirth: the impact of mode of delivery.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23893143

Comparison between the effect of lumbopelvic belt and home based pelvic stabilizing exercise on pregnant women with pelvic girdle pain; a randomized controlled trial.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23640314

An analysis of posture and back pain in the first and third trimesters of pregnancy.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9742469

Paediatrics

The clinimetric properties of the COMFORT scale: A systematic review.

Maaskant J, Raymakers-Janssen P, Veldhoen E, Ista E, Lucas C, Vermeulen H. Eur J Pain. 2016 May 10

Predicting Multiple Facets of School Functioning in Pediatric Chronic Pain: Examining the Direct Impact of Anxiety.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25411857

A Literature Review of Pediatric Spinal Manipulation and Chiropractic Manipulative Therapy: Evaluation of Consistent Use of Safety Terminology

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22951268

Adverse Events Due to Chiropractic and Other Manual Therapies for Infants and Children: A Review of the Literature

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25439034

A Proposed Model With Possible Implications for Safety and Technique Adaptations for Chiropractic Spinal Manipulative Therapy for Infants and Children.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23845198

Normal Ossification Patterns of Atlas and Axis: A CT Study

http://www.ajnr.org/content/33/10/1882.long

Spinal manual therapy interventions for pediatric patients: a systematic review

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3419573/?tool=pmcentrez

Idiopathic toe-walking in children, adolescents and young adults: a matter of local or generalised stiffness?

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3070692

Practice patterns of doctors of chiropractic with a pediatric diplomate: a cross-sectional survey

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2898809/?tool=pmcentrez

Chiropractic care for children: too much, too little or not enough?

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2890688/?tool=pmcentrez

Adverse Events Associated With Pediatric Spinal Manipulation: A Systematic Review

http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/119/1/e275?variant=full-text&sso=1&sso_redirect_count=1&nfstatus=401&nftoken=00000000-0000-0000-0000-000000000000&nfstatusdescription=ERROR%3a+No+local+token

Primitive reflexes and postural reactions in the neurodevelopmental examination

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15246484

Chronic pediatric asthma and chiropractic spinal manipulation: a prospective clinical series and randomized clinical pilot study.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11514813

Hayden Mackenzie : Comments

https://www.facebook.com/haydjtm?fref=nf

IS Chiropractic care for children is dangerous:

Cranial and activator techniques are preferentially used in this populationhttp://bmccomplementalternmed.biomedcentral.com/…/1472-6882…

“This study shows that for the population studied, chiropractic manipulation produced very few adverse effects and was a safe form of therapy in the treatment of patients in this age group.”
http://www.jmptonline.org/ar…/S0161-4754(08)00175-9/abstract

“Published cases of serious adverse events in infants and children receiving chiropractic, osteopathic, physiotherapy, or manual medical therapy are rare. The 3 deaths that have been reported were associated with various manual therapists; however, no deaths associated with chiropractic care were found in the literature to date.”
http://www.jmptonline.org/ar…/S0161-4754(14)00178-X/abstract

Are Chiropractors seeing children for conditions outside of their scope:

“This study showed that European chiropractors are active in the care of pediatric patients. Reported conditions were mainly skeletal and neurologic complaints. In this survey, no severe NSEs were reported, and mild NSEs were infrequent.”
http://www.jmptonline.org/ar…/S0161-4754(12)00062-0/abstract

“C/OM is primarily used for back and neck pain, which is increasing in prevalence in children. Teens are more likely to use it than are younger children.”
http://online.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/acm.2011.0268

“Of the indicated specific clinical presentations, musculoskeletal complaints were the most common followed by non-musculoskeletal conditions of childhood.”
http://www.sciencedirect.com/…/article/pii/S1479235409000078

Is there evidence to support the idea of a chiropractor treating a child

This large prospective study demonstrated that controlled manual stretching is safe and effective in the treatment of congenital muscular torticollis when a patient is seen before the age of one year.
http://jbjs.org/content/83/5/679.abstract

There is reason to suspect that infantile torticollis may be related to breastfeeding difficulties
http://jhl.sagepub.com/content/22/3/328.short

“Infants with unilateral sternocleidomastoid tension and associated craniofacial, spinal, and hip asymmetries may feed poorly”
http://jhl.sagepub.com/…/20…/01/23/0890334414568315.abstract

“On follow-up, 93% of mothers reported an improvement in feeding as well as satisfaction with the care provided. Prior to treatment, 26% of the infants were exclusively breastfed. At the follow-up survey, 86% of mothers reported exclusive breastfeeding.”
http://chp.sagepub.com/content/21/2/85

Is there evidence to support the idea of a chiropractor treating a child for a non-musculoskeletal condition.

“The use of manual techniques on children with respiratory diseases seems to be beneficial. Chiropractic, osteopathic medicine, and massage are the most common interventions. The lack of standardized procedures and limited variety of methods used evidenced the need for more studies on the subject.”
http://www.sciencedirect.com/…/article/pii/S0161475412002667

“By trial days 4 to 7, hours of crying were reduced by 1 hour in the dimethicone group compared with 2.4 hours in the manipulation group (P = .04). On days 8 through 11, crying was reduced by 1 hour for the dimethicone group, whereas crying in the manipulation group was reduced by 2.7 hours (P = .004). From trial day 5 onward the manipulation group did significantly better that the dimethicone group.”
http://www.sciencedirect.com/…/article/pii/S0161475499700035

“After 3 months of combining chiropractic SMT with optimal medical management for pediatric asthma, the children rated their quality of life substantially higher and their asthma severity substantially lower”
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11514813

Should Chiropractors see children with colic.

“Infantile colic is an easily identified childhood entity that has no clear treatment guidelines. The management of infantile colic varies among physicians, and families are often frustrated by the medical community’s inability to prescribe a cure for colic.”
http://cpj.sagepub.com/content/48/1/14.short

“Colic remains a prevalent and mysterious malady, with a critical need for more evidence-based treatment protocols. Differences in approaches used by providers were found, with PNPs more likely to use behavioral and environmental approaches to treatment.”
http://www.sciencedirect.com/…/artic…/pii/S0891524503002219…

Are Chiropractors carrying out quality research in this population:

“We believe that the answer to the question proposed in the title “Is more research enough?” is “No”. We must not be satisfied with quantity but strive towards high standards of quality of the published research and work harder at all levels on implementing research into practice.”
http://www.biomedcentral.com/1746-1340/18/11

“However, clinical studies and systematic reviews from adult patients undergoing manual therapy, particularly spinal manipulation report that mild to moderate adverse events are common and self limiting. However serious adverse events are rare and much less than for medication commonly prescribed for these problems.”
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20525194

“Our practice-based research observational study reports a rate of that <1% of the patient population or 1 in 1046 patient visits resulted in minor adverse events. All reported aggravations (from chiropractor and parent survey) were minor, self-limiting and did not require hospitalization or medical attention.”
http://www.sciencedirect.com/…/article/pii/S1876382009000985

“The application of modern chiropractic paediatric care within the outlined framework is safe. A reasonable caution to the parent/guardian is that one child per 100 to 200 attending may have a mild AE, with irritability or soreness lasting less than 24 h, resolving without the need for additional care beyond initial chiropractic recommendations.”
http://www.sciencedirect.com/…/article/pii/S1479235411000903

Is there need for children to see a chiropractor:

“In summary, LBP in children and adolescents, as in adults, is a common condition: some have shown a lifetime prevalence as high as 70–80% by 20 years of age”. This pain has been shown to produce limitations in performace of daily activities.
http://adc.bmj.com/content/90/3/312.short

“Prevalence rates ranged substantially, and were as follows: headache: 8–83%; abdominal pain: 4–53%; back pain: 14–24%; musculoskeletal pain: 4–40%; multiple pains: 4–49%; other pains: 5–88%.”
http://www.sciencedirect.com/…/article/pii/S0304395911004751

“The estimated overall mean prevalence of headache was 54.4 % (95 % CI 43.1–65.8) and the overall mean prevalence of migraine was 9.1 % (95 % CI 7.1–11.1).”
http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11916-013-0341-z

There is reason to suspect that psychological factors play a big role in low back pain in school children (http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00586-002-0385-y). As experts in conservative management of spinal syndromes and their various sequelae, chiropractors are well positioned to decrease this burden by performing a thorough assessment and implementing an active management approach to help decrease catastrophizing.

A chiropractor did not break a baby’s neck
http://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/…/table…/2013/5413t3781.pdf

For those who’ve been following our recent run of media:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17178922

Once again chiropractic has been in the media for all the wrong reasons, and once again the same arguments from the interwebs’ pseudo academics are trotted out to attack our profession. As per usual, the research relevant to this area gets severely misrepresented by our detractors, and I’d like to take a moment to clear up what I think is the most sinister of these examples.

In 2007, a review article was published in the journal Paediatrics which concluded “Serious adverse events may be associated with pediatric spinal manipulation” (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17178922), and reported some pretty serious and distressing adverse events. This article is often used to supposedly illustrate the grave dangers of taking children to see a chiropractor.

The problem with this is that the conclusions drawn by this article are – quite plainly – bullshit. Welcome to the world of bias in research. Let’s have a look at what this article actually reported on:

There were 14 cases reported, comprised of one physio (accounting for the case of sub-arachnoid haemorrhage and death), one MD doing a passive cervical ROM exam, two practitioners not specified, two chiropractic students, the remainder chiropractors.

Of the cases involving chiropractors:

One case (from 1992) was complicated by presence of an astrocytoma.

One case (from 1983) was complicated by osteogenesis imperfecta. Patient history included a fall, headaches and neck pain of a debilitating nature. It was two weeks between treatment and symptoms of the adverse event in question.

One case (from 1978) was that of a young boy who participated in “vigorous gymnastics”, had a history of birth trauma and whose adverse event was a cerebellar infarction. The authors suggested that this may have been caused by a “chiropractic manoeuvre”. Articles alluding to the unlikelihood of that possibility in general populations can be found here (and there are many more):
http://www.sciencedirect.com/…/article/pii/S1356689X10001232
http://www.sciencedirect.com/…/article/pii/S0161475402000489
http://www.sciencedirect.com/…/article/pii/S0161475408003473

One case (1969) was a report of an 18yr old female, which is not a paediatric case and hence could be argued does not belong in this review. The technique used is not described, as is the case with 5 other reports from this systematic review.

One case (1959) was of a 12yr old girl with an undiagnosed congenital occipitilisation. The time from treatment to adverse event is reported as 6 days.

Two cases (1991) were from a Philip Institute of Technology (now RMIT) clinical trial where the treatments were administered by 5th-year chiropractic students. There were two reports of “moderate” adverse events (severe headache/stiff neck; acute lumbar pain) from 171 child patients. The abstract for this study may be viewed herehttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.ezproxy.lib.rmit.edu.au/…/20198…

In this review, the earliest reported adverse event in a pediatric patient seeing a chiropractor was in 1959. The last adverse event reported in a pediatric patient seeing a chiropractor was in 1999. The last adverse event regarded as “serious” in a pediatric patient seeing a chiropractor was in 1992. Causation was not established in any of the reports listed in this review.

So, up until 2004 (the cutoff year for this article’s search) there were 9 reports *since the inception of electronic database recording in any language* involving a pediatric patient who had seen a chiropractor, many cases which seem to have extenuating factors present and in several cases the time from treatment to occurrence of the event makes it very, very difficult to link to the chiropractor. Five of these reports were serious, four were moderate/minor.

The idea that this article somehow demonstrates that chiropractic care for children is anything less than exceptionally safe is intellectually offensive, and this is before we even start a conversation about the low-force techniques that are preferentially used for these patients.

These half-baked, impotent arguments are typical of the scare-mongering crap used against our profession every time the media decides to use us to generate some buzz. The onus will always be on us to be diligent in our history/examination/treatment applications, and we should always be striving to research and refine the safety and effectiveness of our methods, but we can certainly hold our heads high when it comes to our safety record. Those who would suggest otherwise are inadequately informed to have a valid opinion.

SHOULDER

Efficacy of Different Types of Mobilization Techniques in Patients With Primary Adhesive Capsulitis of the Shoulder: A Systematic Review.

Noten S, Meeus M, Stassijns G, Van Glabbeek F, Verborgt O, Struyf F. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2016 May

Manual therapy and exercise for frozen shoulder (adhesive capsulitis)

http://www.cochrane.org/CD011275/MUSKEL_manual-therapy-and-exercise-for-frozen-shoulder-adhesive-capsulitis

Effectiveness of passive physical modalities for shoulder pain: systematic review by the Ontario protocol for traffic injury management collaboration.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25394425

Conservative treatment of a rock climber with a SLAP lesion: a case report

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4593038/?tool=pmcentrez

Effect of Seated Thoracic Manipulation on Changes in Scapular Kinematics and Scapulohumeral Rhythm in Young Asymptomatic Participants: A Randomized Study

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24011655

Chiropractic management of frozen shoulder syndrome using a novel technique: a retrospective case series of 50 patients

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3706702/?tool=pmcentrez

Efficacy of standardised manual therapy and home exercise programme for chronic rotator cuff disease: randomised placebo controlled trial

http://www.bmj.com/content/340/bmj.c2756

The effectiveness of manual therapy in the management of musculoskeletal disorders of the shoulder: a systematic review

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0028749

Sacroilliac

Immediate improvements in activation amplitude levels of the deep abdominal muscle following a sacroiliac joint manipulation during rapid upper limb movement.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25440219

An algorithm for the evaluation and treatment of sacroiliac joint dysfunction.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25490794

Pilot study of the impact that bilateral sacroiliac joint manipulation using a drop table technique has on gait parameters in asymptomatic individuals with a leg length inequality.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3924506/?tool=pmcentrez

Pilot study of the impact sacroiliac joint manipulation has on walking kinematics using motion analysis technology

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3838716/?tool=pmcentrez

Chiropractic management of chronic idiopathic meralgia paresthetica: a case study

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3315861/?tool=pmcentrez

Ankylosing spondylitis: recent breakthroughs in diagnosis and treatment

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2077878/?tool=pmcentrez

The sacroiliac joint: anatomy, physiology and clinical significance.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16700283

A randomized clinical trial of manual versus mechanical force manipulation in the treatment of sacroiliac joint syndrome.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16182023

SMT – Biomechanics

Differential displacement of soft tissue layers from manual therapy loading.

Engell S, Triano JJ, Fox JR, Langevin HM, Konofagou EE. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon). 2016 Feb

Do participants with low back pain who respond to spinal manipulative therapy differ biomechanically from nonresponders, untreated controls or asymptomatic controls?

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26020851

Instantaneous rate of loading during manual high-velocity, low-amplitude spinal manipulations.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24928638

Does inter-vertebral range of motion increase after spinal manipulation? A prospective cohort study

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4102240/?tool=pmcentrez

Effects of Cervical Spine Manual Therapy on Range of Motion, Head Repositioning, and Balance in Participants With Cervicogenic Dizziness: A Randomized Controlled Trial

http://www.archives-pmr.org/article/S0003-9993%2814%2900310-4/fulltext

Does inter-vertebral range of motion increase after spinal manipulation? A prospective cohort study

http://chiromt.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12998-014-0024-9

Study protocol for patient response to spinal manipulation – a prospective observational clinical trial on physiological and patient-centered outcomes in patients with chronic low back pain

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4139615/?tool=pmcentrez

Changes in biomechanical dysfunction and low back pain reduction with osteopathic manual treatment: results from the OSTEOPATHIC Trial.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24704126

Three-dimensional chiropractor-patient contact loads during side posture lumbar spinal manipulation: a pilot study

http://chiromt.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12998-014-0029-4

Intended and non-intended kinematic effects of atlanto-axial rotational high-velocity, low-amplitude techniques

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25556040

The Role of Preload Forces in Spinal Manipulation: Experimental Investigation of Kinematic and Electromyographic Responses in Healthy Adults

http://www.jmptonline.org/article/S0161-4754%2814%2900089-X/fulltext

The effect of application site of spinal manipulative therapy (SMT) on spinal stiffness.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24139864

Review of methods used by chiropractors to determine the site for applying manipulation

http://www.chiromt.com/content/21/1/36

Relationship between Biomechanical Characteristics of Spinal Manipulation and Neural Responses in an Animal Model: Effect of Linear Control of Thrust Displacement versus Force, Thrust Amplitude, Thrust Duration, and Thrust Rate

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3563165/?tool=pmcentrez

Effect of Seated Thoracic Manipulation on Changes in Scapular Kinematics and Scapulohumeral Rhythm in Young Asymptomatic Participants: A Randomized Study

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24011655

Effect of Sampling Rates on the Quantification of Forces, Durations, and Rates of Loading of Simulated Side Posture High-Velocity, Low-Amplitude Lumbar Spine Manipulation

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3793347

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Zygapophyseal Joint Space Changes (Gapping) in Low Back Pain Patients Following Spinal Manipulation and Side-Posture Positioning: A Randomized Controlled Mechanisms Trial With Blinding

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3756802

The Effect of Duration and Amplitude of Spinal Manipulative Therapy (SMT) on Spinal Stiffness

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3477278/?tool=pmcentrez

Quantification of Cavitation and Gapping of Lumbar Zygapophyseal Joints during Spinal Manipulative Therapy

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3501577/?tool=pmcentrez

The effect of spinal manipulative therapy on spinal range of motion: a systematic literature review

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3487906/?tool=pmcentrez

Distribution of Cavitations as Identified with Accelerometry during Lumbar Spinal Manipulation

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3215819/?tool=pmcentrez

Preliminary investigation of the mechanisms underlying the effects of manipulation: exploration of a multi-variate model including spinal stiffness, multifidus recruitment, and clinical findings

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3150636/?tool=pmcentrez

The biomechanics of spinal manipulation.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20538226

Changes in postural activity of the trunk muscles following spinal manipulative therapy

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17452118

Basic Science Research Related to Chiropractic Spinal Adjusting: The State of the Art and Recommendations Revisited

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17142166

Spinal manipulation force and duration affect vertebral movement and neuromuscular responses.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16378668

High loading rate during spinal manipulation produces unique facet joint capsule strain patterns compared with axial rotations.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16326237

Distraction manipulation of the lumbar spine: a review of the literature.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15883580

Determining cavitation location during lumbar and thoracic spinal manipulation: is spinal manipulation accurate and specific?

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15223938

Biomechanical and neurophysiological responses to spinal manipulation in patients with lumbar radiculopathy.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14739869

Neuromechanical characterization of in vivo lumbar spinal manipulation. Part I. Vertebral motion.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14673406

Mechanisms and effects of spinal high-velocity, low-amplitude thrust manipulation: Previous theories

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12021744

The effective forces transmitted by high-speed, low-amplitude thoracic manipulation.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11698887

Loads in the lumbar spine during traction therapy.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11552865

Effects of vertebral axial decompression on intradiscal pressure.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8057141

SMT –Cervical

A nonsurgical approach to the management of patients with cervical radiculopathy: a prospective observational cohort study.

Murphy DR, Hurwitz EL, Gregory A, Clary R. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2006 May

Upper cervical and upper thoracic manipulation versus mobilization and exercise in patients with cervicogenic headache: a multi-center randomized clinical trial.

Dunning JR, Butts R, Mourad F, Young I, Fernandez-de-Las Peñas C, Hagins M, Stanislawski T, Donley J, Buck D, Hooks TR, Cleland JA. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2016 Feb

Does cervical spine manipulation reduce pain in people with degenerative cervical radiculopathy? A systematic review of the evidence, and a meta-analysis.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25681406

Chiropractic spinal manipulative therapy for migraine: a study protocol of a single-blinded placebo-controlled randomised clinical trial

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4654276

Manipulation and mobilisation for neck pain contrasted against an inactive control or another active treatment.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26397370

Intended and non-intended kinematic effects of atlanto-axial rotational high-velocity, low-amplitude techniques

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25556040

Effects of Cervical Spine Manual Therapy on Range of Motion, Head Repositioning, and Balance in Participants With Cervicogenic Dizziness: A Randomized Controlled Trial

http://www.archives-pmr.org/article/S0003-9993%2814%2900310-4/fulltext

Short term treatment versus long term management of neck and back disability in older adults utilizing spinal manipulative therapy and supervised exercise: a parallel-group randomized clinical trial evaluating relative effectiveness and harms

http://chiromt.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12998-014-0026-7

Spinal manipulative therapy and exercise for seniors with chronic neck pain.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24225010

Spinal Manipulation, Medication, or Home Exercise With Advice for Acute and Subacute Neck Pain: A Randomized Trial

http://annals.org/article.aspx?articleid=1033256

Validation of a novel sham cervical manipulation procedure

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3513586/?tool=pmcentrez

Applying Joint Mobilization at Different Cervical Vertebral Levels does not Influence Immediate Pain Reduction in Patients with Chronic Neck Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2700500/?tool=pmcentrez

Efficacy of spinal manipulation and mobilization for low back pain and neck pain: a systematic review and best evidence synthesis

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15125860

SMT – Lumbar

A non-surgical approach to the management of lumbar spinal stenosis: a prospective observational cohort study.

Murphy DR, Hurwitz EL, Gregory AA, Clary R. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2006 Feb

Effects of unilateral posteroanterior mobilization in subjects with sacralized lumbosacral transitional vertebrae.

Angmo P, Mohanty PP, Pattnaik M. J Bodyw Mov Ther. 2016 Jan

Comparison of spinal manipulation methods and usual medical care for acute and subacute low back pain: a randomized clinical trial.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25423308

http://chiromt.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12998-014-0026-7

The Within-Session Change in Low Back Pain Intensity Following Spinal Manipulative Therapy Is Related to Differences in Diffusion of Water in the Intervertebral Discs of the Upper Lumbar Spine and L5-S1

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24261925

Indicating spinal joint mobilisations or manipulations in patients with neck or low-back pain: protocol of an inter-examiner reliability study among manual therapists

http://chiromt.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2045-709X-22-22

Do manual therapies help low back pain? A comparative effectiveness meta-analysis.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24480940

Clinical effectiveness of manual therapy for the management of musculoskeletal and non-musculoskeletal conditions: systematic review and update of UK evidence report

http://chiromt.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2045-709X-22-12

Dose-response and efficacy of spinal manipulation for care of chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial

http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1529943013013909

Spinal Manipulative Therapy–Specific Changes in Pain Sensitivity in Individuals With Low Back Pain

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3946602

Outcomes of Acute and Chronic Patients With Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Confirmed Symptomatic Lumbar Disc Herniations Receiving High-Velocity, Low-Amplitude, Spinal Manipulative Therapy: A Prospective Observational Cohort Study With One-Year Follow-Up

http://www.jmptonline.org/article/S0161-4754%2814%2900034-7/fulltext

Symptomatic Magnetic Resonance Imaging–Confirmed Lumbar Disk Herniation Patients: A Comparative Effectiveness Prospective Observational Study of 2 Age- and Sex-Matched Cohorts Treated With Either High-Velocity, Low-Amplitude Spinal Manipulative Therapy or Imaging-Guided Lumbar Nerve Root Injections

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23706678

Spinal high-velocity low amplitude manipulation in acute nonspecific low back pain: a double-blinded randomized controlled trial in comparison with diclofenac and placebo.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23026869

Spinal manipulative therapy for chronic low-back pain

http://www.cochrane.org/CD008112/BACK_spinal-manipulative-therapy-for-chronic-low-back-pain

Dose-response and efficacy of spinal manipulation for care of chronic low back pain: a randomized controlled trial

http://www.thespinejournalonline.com/article/S1529-9430%2813%2901390-9/fulltext

Early use of thrust manipulation versus non-thrust manipulation: a randomized clinical trial.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23040656

Manual therapy followed by specific active exercises versus a placebo followed by specific active exercises on the improvement of functional disability in patients with chronic non specific low back pain: a randomized controlled trial

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3518179/?tool=pmcentrez

Effectiveness of physical therapist administered spinal manipulation for the treatment of low back pain: a systematic review of the literature.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3537457

Does maintained spinal manipulation therapy for chronic nonspecific low back pain result in better long-term outcome?

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21245790

Cost and use of conservative management of lumbar disc herniation before surgical discectomy.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20359960

Mechanical versus manual manipulation for low back pain: An observational cohort study

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2850274/?tool=pmcentrez

Manipulation or microdiskectomy for sciatica? A prospective randomized clinical study.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21036279

Chiropractic and rehabilitative management of a patient with progressive lumbar disk injury, spondylolisthesis, and spondyloptosis.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16396733

High-velocity low-amplitude spinal manipulation for symptomatic lumbar disk disease: a systematic review of the literature.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0022026

Dose-response for chiropractic care of chronic low back pain.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15363431

United Kingdom back pain exercise and manipulation (UK BEAM) randomised trial: effectiveness of physical treatments for back pain in primary care

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC535454/?tool=pmcentrez

Spinal manipulation, epidural injections, and self-care for sciatica: a pilot study for a randomized clinical trial.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15510093

Efficacy of spinal manipulation and mobilization for low back pain and neck pain: a systematic review and best evidence synthesis

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15125860

Spinal manipulation postepidural injection for lumbar and cervical radiculopathy: a retrospective case series.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15389176

Rating specific chiropractic technique procedures for common low back conditions.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11562653

Spinal manipulative therapy for low back pain. A meta-analysis of effectiveness relative to other therapies.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12779297

Chiropractic technique procedures for specific low back conditions: characterizing the literature.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11514818

Lumbar spine traction: evaluation of effects and recommended application for treatment.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10903582?report=abstract
SMT – Neurology
Mechanism of Action of Spinal Mobilizations: A Systematic Review.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26751060

Attenuation Effect of Spinal Manipulation on Neuropathic and Postoperative Pain Through Activating Endogenous Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Interleukin 10 in Rat Spinal Cord

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26837229

The effect of spinal manipulation on deep experimental muscle pain in healthy volunteers

http://chiromt.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12998-015-0069-4

Spinal Manipulative Therapy–Specific Changes in Pain Sensitivity in Individuals With Low Back Pain

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3946602

Effect of spinal manipulation on the development of history-dependent responsiveness of lumbar paraspinal muscle spindles in the cat

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4045034/?tool=pmcentrez

Stimulation parameters define the effectiveness of burst spinal cord stimulation in a rat model of neuropathic pain.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25145400

The role of preload forces in spinal manipulation: experimental investigation of kinematic and electromyographic responses in healthy adults.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24928637

Immediate effects of spinal manipulation on nitric oxide, substance P and pain perception.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24674816

Changes in biochemical markers of pain perception and stress response after spinal manipulation.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24450367

Effect of Spinal Manipulation Thrust Magnitude on Trunk Mechanical Thresholds of Lateral Thalamic Neurons

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4116806

Neural Responses to the Mechanical Parameters of a High-Velocity, Low-Amplitude Spinal Manipulation: Effect of Preload Parameters

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3946664

Immediate changes in neck pain intensity and widespread pressure pain sensitivity in patients with bilateral chronic mechanical neck pain: a randomized controlled trial of thoracic thrust manipulation vs non-thrust mobilization.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24880778

The immediate and 24-hour follow-up effect of unilateral lumbar Z-joint mobilisation on posterior chain neurodynamics

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25892376

Short-term effect of spinal manipulation on pain perception, spinal mobility, and full height recovery in male subjects with degenerative disk disease: a randomized controlled trial.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24862763

Commentary: we can tell where it hurts, but can we tell where the pain is coming from or where we should manipulate?

http://chiromt.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2045-709X-21-35

Alterations in Cortical and Cerebellar Motor Processing in Subclinical Neck Pain Patients Following Spinal Manipulation

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24035521

Physiological responses to spinal manipulation therapy: investigation of the relationship between electromyographic responses and peak force.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24161387

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3563165/?tool=pmcentrez

Is manipulative therapy more effective than sham manipulation in adults?: a systematic review and meta-analysis

http://chiromt.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2045-709X-21-34

Immediate effects of spinal manipulative therapy on regional antinociceptive effects in myofascial tissues in healthy young adults.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23830709

Changes in pain sensitivity following spinal manipulation: A systematic review and meta-analysis

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3349049

Understanding inhibitory mechanisms of lumbar spinal manipulation using H-reflex and F-wave responses: a methodological approach.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22878176

Spinal Manipulative Therapy and Somatosensory Activation

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3399029/?tool=pmcentrez

Immediate reduction in temporal sensory summation after thoracic spinal manipulation

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3092807/?tool=pmcentrez

Immediate effects from manual therapy: much ado about nothing?

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3172950/?tool=pmcentrez

The neurophysiological effects of a single session of spinal joint mobilization: does the effect last?

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3143008/?tool=pmcentrez

The Mechanisms of Manual Therapy in the Treatment of Musculoskeletal Pain: A Comprehensive Model

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2775050/?tool=pmcentrez

Spinal manipulation force and duration affect vertebral movement and neuromuscular responses.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16378668

Basic Science Research Related to Chiropractic Spinal Adjusting: The State of the Art and Recommendations Revisited

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17142166

Immediate effects of spinal manipulation on thermal pain sensitivity: an experimental study

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1578563/?tool=pmcentrez

Spinal manipulative therapy reduces inflammatory cytokines but not substance P production in normal subjects.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16396725

Spinal manipulation alters electromyographic activity of paraspinal muscles: a descriptive study.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16182019

Central neuronal plasticity, low back pain and spinal manipulative therapy.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15195039

Biomechanical and neurophysiological responses to spinal manipulation in patients with lumbar radiculopathy.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14739869

Neuromechanical characterization of in vivo lumbar spinal manipulation. Part I. Vertebral motion.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14673406

Neuromechanical characterization of in vivo lumbar spinal manipulation. Part II. Neurophysiological response.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14673407

Spinal reflex excitability changes after cervical and lumbar spinal manipulation: a comparative study.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14589201

A pilot study of the manual force levels required to produce manipulation induced hypoalgesia.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12034124

Neurophysiological effects of spinal manipulation

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14589467

Response of muscle proprioceptors to spinal manipulative-like loads in the anesthetized cat.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11174689

Spinal reflex attenuation associated with spinal manipulation.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11013505

An investigation of the interrelationship between manipulative therapy-induced hypoalgesia and sympathoexcitation.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9777544

SMT – Thoracic

Upper cervical and upper thoracic manipulation versus mobilization and exercise in patients with cervicogenic headache: a multi-center randomized clinical trial.

Dunning JR, Butts R, Mourad F, Young I, Fernandez-de-Las Peñas C, Hagins M, Stanislawski T, Donley J, Buck D, Hooks TR, Cleland JA. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2016 Feb

The Effectiveness of Noninvasive Interventions for Musculoskeletal Thoracic Spine and Chest Wall Pain: A Systematic Review by the Ontario Protocol for Traffic Injury Management (OPTIMa) Collaboration

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26141077

Short-term effects of manipulation to the upper thoracic spine of asymptomatic subjects on plasma concentrations of epinephrine and norepinephrine-a randomized and controlled observational study.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22343005

A randomized clinical trial of chiropractic treatment and self-management in patients with acute musculoskeletal chest pain: 1-year follow-up.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22632585

Immediate reduction in temporal sensory summation after thoracic spinal manipulation

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3092807/?tool=pmcentrez

SMT + Exercises

Sub-classification based specific movement control exercises are superior to general exercise in sub-acute low back pain when both are combined with manual therapy: A randomized controlled trial.

Lehtola V, Luomajoki H, Leinonen V, Gibbons S, Airaksinen O. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2016 Mar 22

Manual Therapy, Therapeutic Patient Education, and Therapeutic Exercise, an Effective Multimodal Treatment of Nonspecific Chronic Neck Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25888653

Spinal manipulation and home exercise with advice for subacute and chronic back-related leg pain: a trial with adaptive allocation.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25222385

Effects of spinal manipulation versus therapeutic exercise on adults with chronic low back pain: a literature review

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4262810/?tool=pmcentrez

Adverse events among seniors receiving spinal manipulation and exercise in a randomized clinical trial.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25454683

Spinal manipulative therapy and exercise for seniors with chronic neck pain.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24225010

Perceived value of spinal manipulative therapy and exercise among seniors with chronic neck pain: A mixed methods study

http://www.medicaljournals.se/jrm/content/?doi=10.2340/16501977-1876&html=1

http://www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2474/13/162

Supervised exercise with and without spinal manipulation performs similarly and better than home exercise for chronic neck pain: a randomized controlled trial.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22024905

Manual therapy and exercise for neck pain: A systematic review

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20627797

SURGERY

The long-term outcome of lumbar fusion in the Swedish lumbar spine study.

Hedlund R, Johansson C, Hägg O, Fritzell P, Tullberg T; Swedish Lumbar Spine Study Group. Spine J. 2016 May

Do Surgeons Treat Their Patients Like They Would Treat Themselves?

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25957212

The top 100 classic papers in lumbar spine surgery.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25955091

Cervicothoracic junction instability after cervical fusion.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24295893

Lumbar fusion compared with conservative treatment in patients with chronic low back pain: a meta-analysis.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23820296

Recovery of severe motor deficit secondary to herniated lumbar disc prolapse: is surgical intervention important? A systematic review.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24871633

Symptoms of Nerve Dysfunction After Hip Arthroscopy: An Under-Reported Complication?

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24485113

Incidence of chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) after general surgery.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24716774

Risk Factors for Medical Complication after Cervical Spine Surgery: a multivariate analysis of 582 patients

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3546141/?tool=pmcentrez

Observer variation in MRI evaluation of patients with suspected lumbar disc herniation and nerve root compression: Comparison of Neuroradiologist and Neurosurgeon’s interpretations

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23862259

Fusion techniques for degenerative disc disease

http://www.cochrane.org/CD004958/BACK_fusion-techniques-for-degenerative-disc-disease

WHIPLASH

Effect of Early Intensive Care on Recovery From Whiplash-Associated Disorders: Results of a Population-Based Cohort Study.

Skillgate E, Côté P, Cassidy JD, Boyle E, Carroll L, Holm LW. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2016 May

Implementation of a guideline-based clinical pathway of care to improve health outcomes following whiplash injury (Whiplash ImPaCT): protocol of a randomised, controlled trial.

Rebbeck T, Leaver A, Bandong AN, Kenardy J, Refshauge K, Connelly L, Cameron I, Mitchell G, Willcock S, Ritchie C, Jagnoor J, Sterling M. J Physiother. 2016 Mar 17

A research synthesis of therapeutic interventions for whiplash-associated disorder: Part 1 – overview and summary

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2975531/?tool=pmcentrez

A research synthesis of therapeutic interventions for whiplash-associated disorder (WAD): Part 2 – interventions for acute WAD

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2975532/?tool=pmcentrez

A research synthesis of therapeutic interventions for whiplash-associated disorder (WAD): Part 3 – interventions for subacute WAD

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2975533/?tool=pmcentrez

A research synthesis of therapeutic interventions for whiplash-associated disorder (WAD): Part 4 – noninvasive interventions for chronic WAD

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2975534/?tool=pmcentrez

A research synthesis of therapeutic interventions for whiplash-associated disorder (WAD): Part 5 – surgical and injection-based interventions for chronic WAD

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2975535/?tool=pmcentrez

Risk Factors for Prolonged Treatment of Whiplash-Associated Disorders

http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0132191

Basic body awareness therapy or exercise therapy for the treatment of chronic whiplash associated disorders: a randomized comparative clinical trial.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25955823

Modulation of Cervical Facet Joint Nociception and Pain Attenuates Physical and Psychological Features of Chronic Whiplash: A Prospective Study.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25805617

Which interventions are cost-effective for the management of whiplash-associated and neck pain-associated disorders? A systematic review of the health economic literature by the Ontario Protocol for Traffic Injury Management (OPTIMa) Collaboration.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26631759

Are manual therapies, passive physical modalities, or acupuncture effective for the management of patients with whiplash-associated disorders or neck pain and associated disorders? an update of the bone and joint decade task force on neck pain and its associated disorders by the optima collaboration.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26707074

Reduction in health service use for whiplash injury after motor vehicle accidents in 2000-2009: results from a defined population.

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23974853

Research